A comprehensive meta-analysis of 145 prior investigations, conducted by researchers at the University of Surrey, indicates that naturally occurring phytonutrients known as flavan-3-ols—abundant in sources such as cocoa, tea, apples, and grapes—possess the potential to enhance blood pressure regulation and the overall health of our circulatory conduits.
Flavan-3-ol-rich foods and supplements decrease blood pressure in particular in people with high blood pressure when consumed daily similar to medication. Image credit: Lagou et al., doi: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf173.
“Flavan-3-ols, the beneficial compounds present in cocoa products, tea infusions, and several types of fruit, demonstrate significant promise for augmenting both blood pressure management and vascular system performance, yet are not presently utilized for primary cardiovascular disease prevention,” stated Professor Christian Heiss from the University of Surrey, who spearheaded the study.
“Our meta-analytic exploration meticulously reviewed the ramifications of interventions rich in flavan-3-ols on both hemodynamic measurements and the functional capacity of the endothelium.”
Within the scope of their meta-analysis, the investigators meticulously scrutinized data derived from 145 meticulously designed randomized controlled trials, the publication dates of which spanned from 1946 through to 2024.
The salient finding emerged that consistent intake of flavan-3-ols can precipitate a tangible amelioration in blood pressure indices, with a particularly pronounced effect observed in individuals exhibiting elevated or hypertensive blood pressure levels.
In certain observed instances, the magnitude of the average blood pressure-reducing benefits closely mirrored those typically achieved through the administration of specific pharmacological agents.
Furthermore, flavan-3-ols were documented to foster improvements in the operational integrity of the endothelium—the delicate innermost layer lining our blood vessels—a factor of paramount importance for robust cardiovascular well-being.
This enhancement in endothelial function was observed to occur independently of any alterations in blood pressure, thereby suggesting a more generalized salutary influence on the integrated circulatory network.
“These discoveries are indeed highly encouraging for individuals actively seeking readily accessible strategies to effectively manage their blood pressure and bolster their cardiac health through enjoyable dietary modifications,” Professor Heiss commented.
“The integration of modest quantities of frequently consumed foodstuffs such as tea, apples, dark chocolate, or cocoa powder into a daily, well-balanced dietary regimen could effectively deliver beneficial dosages of flavan-3-ols.”
“While these findings do not constitute a substitute for prescribed pharmaceutical treatments or professional medical counsel, incorporating a greater abundance of flavan-3-ol-rich sustenance into one’s daily regimen could represent a valuable adjunct to a health-conscious lifestyle, especially for those grappling with elevated blood pressure.”
“These are findings that, while undeniably auspicious, necessitate continued and rigorous scientific inquiry.”
A scholarly treatise detailing these conclusions has been formally published in the esteemed publication, the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology.
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Vasiliki Lagou et al. Impact of flavan-3-ols on blood pressure and endothelial function in diverse populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, published online March 24, 2025; doi: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf173
